FLAT FEET

Flat feet, also known as pes planus, is a condition characterized by low or absent arches in the feet. It can be caused by weak or stretched tendons, genetic factors, injuries, or certain medical conditions. Symptoms include foot or ankle pain, tired feet, decreased arch height, difficulty fitting into shoes, and ankle instability.

Causes of flat feet (pes planus):

• Weak or stretched tendons and ligaments in the foot arch.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Foot or ankle injuries.
• Certain medical conditions, such as arthritis or nerve disorders.

Symptoms of flat feet

• Foot or ankle pain, especially during physical activity.
• Tired or achy feet, especially after standing for long periods.
• Decreased arch height and a visibly flattened foot appearance.
• Difficulty fitting into shoes or experiencing discomfort with shoe wear.
• Ankle instability or a tendency to roll the ankles inward (over pronation).

GANGLIONS

Ganglions are fluid-filled cysts that form near joints or tendons, causing a visible lump or bump.

Causes of Morton’s neuroma

• The exact cause is unknown, but it is often associated with repetitive pressure or irritation to the nerve, typically between the third and fourth toes. Factors such as wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes, high heels, or engaging in activities that put excessive stress on the forefoot can contribute to its development.

Causes of ganglions:

• Exact cause is unknown, but they may develop due to irritation or trauma to a joint or tendon.

Causes of ganglions:

Symptoms of ganglions:

• Visible lump or bump near a joint or tendon.
• Swelling or enlargement of the lump.
• Pain or discomfort, particularly with movement.
• Limited range of motion in the affected area.
• Numbness or tingling if the ganglion is pressing on a nerve.

INGROWN TOENAIL

When a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. It can be caused by improper nail trimming, tight shoes, or injury. Treatment includes warm water soaks, proper nail care, comfortable footwear, and, if necessary, surgical removal of the nail.

Causes of an ingrown toenail

• Improper nail trimming, cutting nails too short, or rounding the edges.
• Wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes that put pressure on the toes.
• Injury to the toe, such as stubbing or trauma.
• Genetic predisposition or structural abnormalities of the nail or toe.

Symptoms of an ingrown toenail

• Pain, tenderness, or throbbing around the toenail.
• Redness, swelling, or inflammation of the surrounding skin.
• Increased sensitivity or discomfort when pressure is applied.
• Formation of a small, pus-filled area or infection in severe cases.